Germany has the potential to become a global leader in fusion energy, according to a report by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The report states that a functional fusion power plant could be built by 2045, and Germany has the existing know-how to take an international lead in this field. While there are currently no functioning fusion power plants, Helion Energy, whose clients include Microsoft, recently announced plans to operate a commercial fusion power plant by 2028. An international panel of experts, commissioned by the Minister of Research, Bettina Stark-Watzinger, has examined the feasibility of developing a fusion power plant. The panel concluded that significant progress in fusion energy is expected, and a functional fusion reactor could be developed by 2045.
The experts focused on laser-driven inertial fusion, which is the only approach in fusion energy research where plasma ignition has been achieved. The report highlights the additional technological advantages of inertial fusion, which promise enormous economic potential. Although there are still scientific challenges to overcome, Germany has a remarkable opportunity to develop and promote cutting-edge technologies for a clean, stable, and sustainable energy source. The report calls for intensified research and development efforts to examine the feasibility, technology, design, and operation of a fusion reactor.
The report also emphasizes the need to develop a commercial strategy, supply chains, and production technology. This requires the establishment of a scientific program to train the next generation of scientists, creating accessible research infrastructure for science and industry, involving innovative companies, and promoting international coordination at the government level to leverage synergies and avoid unnecessary overlaps. However, the experts note that several hurdles must be overcome before commercial use can be considered. These include understanding burning plasmas, developing laser systems and suitable target materials, producing materials that can withstand fusion conditions, and solving complex technical problems. Despite these challenges, the report highlights Germany’s existing expertise in laser technology, target fabrication, and material science, which could be advantageous in the implementation of inertial fusion.
