New research from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and the University of Cambridge has shed light on the biological origins of synesthesia, a condition where people automatically link sensory perceptions with others. For example, some synesthetes see colors or shapes when listening to music. It is estimated that one in 25 people have some form of synesthesia. Until now, the biological reasons for this condition have been unclear. However, the researchers have found the first clues to its molecular-level biological causes.
Previous research has shown that synesthesia occurs in early childhood and is often a family trait, suggesting that genetic factors may be involved. The researchers analyzed the DNA of three families in which members see colors when listening to music. They identified genetic variants for synesthesia and traced how they were passed down through generations. The researchers focused on rare DNA changes that affect the way genes encode proteins and found that the families shared an enrichment of genes involved in axonogenesis and cell migration. These processes allow brain cells to connect with the right partners.
Simon Fisher, director at the Max Planck Institute and leader of the research project, said that the study’s aim was to find common biological processes involved in synesthesia. He added that the hope was that the DNA data would provide clues to factors involved in synesthesia. Simon Baron-Cohen, director at the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge, said that the study showed how genetic differences could influence our sensory experiences. He added that synesthesia was an example of neurodiversity that should be respected and valued.
The researchers are currently seeking more families and individuals to participate in the study. They have also created a short test to help people determine if they have one of the common forms of synesthesia. This research could lead to a better understanding of the condition and potentially new treatments.
